Follower of Pieter Coecke van Aelst (Aelst 1502-1550 Brussels)
The Adoration of the Magi
oil on panel
37.5 x 29.4cm (14 3/4 x 11 9/16in)
Private Collection
The Adoration of the Magi (anglicized from the Matthean Vulgate Latin section
title: A Magis adoratur) is the name traditionally given to the subject in the
Nativity of Jesus in art in which the three Magi, represented as kings,
especially in the West, having found Jesus by following a star, lay before him
gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, and worship him. More
Pieter Coecke van Aelst or Pieter Coecke
van Aelst the Elder (Aalst, 14 August 1502 – Brussels, 6 December 1550) was a Flemish
painter, sculptor, architect, author and designer of woodcuts, stained glass
and tapestries. His principal subjects were Christian religious themes. He
worked in Antwerp and Brussels and was appointed court painter to Charles V,
Holy Roman Emperor.
Coecke van Aelst was a polyglot. He published
translations of Ancient Roman and modern Italian architectural treatises into
Flemish, French and German. These publications played a crucial role in
spreading Renaissance ideas to the Low Countries. They contributed to the
transition in Northern Europe from the late Gothic style then prevalent towards
a modern 'antique-oriented' architecture. More
Arcangelo di Jacopo del Sellaio (Florence circa 1477-1530)
The Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes
tempera on linen
62.2 x 120.6cm (24 1/2 x 47 1/2in)
Private Collection
Feeding the multitude is a term used to refer to two separate miracles of Jesus reported in the Gospels. The first miracle, "the Feeding of the 5,000", is the only miracle (apart from Jesus' resurrection) which is recorded in all four canonical Gospels. More
Arcangelo di Jacopo del Sellaio (Florence circa 1477-1530), sometimes known as Jacopo di Arcangel,, was an eclectic Italian painter from the early Renaissance, who painted in the style of the Florentine School. He was a pupil of Fra' Filippo Lippi, with his contemporary Sandro Botticelli, who became a lasting influence on him. It is noted that by 1460, he had joined the Confraternity of Saint Luke in Florence, and in 1473, he is documented to have shared a studio with Filippo di Giuliano.
A number of da Sellaio's paintings for decorative chests survive in collections, such as his Story of Cupid and Psyche. He executed another wedding cassone, The Nerli Cassone, in collaboration with Zanobi di Domenico and Biagio d'Antonio in 1472. His piece now in the Uffizi Gallery, The Banquet of Ahasuerus, was also painted with two other panels, including Esther before Ahasuerus (Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest) for a cassoni.
Da Sellaio's small devotional pieces were well known, several of which depicted Saint Jerome and Saint John the Baptist. He also painted religious works for the church of San Lucia dei Magnoli and the church of San Frediano, both in Florence. More
Jacob Jordaens, (Flemish, Antwerp 1593–1678 Antwerp)
The Holy Family with Saint Anne and the Young John the Baptist and His Parents
Oil on wood
66 7/8 x 59 in. (169.9 x 149.9 cm)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Jordaens frequently revised his own paintings after many years, as he did here. The Christ Child, Mary and Joseph, the Virgin’s mother Saint Anne, and probably a version of the infant Saint John the Baptist were depicted as a close family gathering in the early 1620s. At least twenty-five years later the artist added boards to the oak panel and painted the Baptist’s parents, Saints Elizabeth and Zacharias, and an angel on the left. Their more painterly style contrasts with the Caravaggesque modeling of the earlier figures. The cartouche, inscribed "If the root be holy, so are the branches" (from Saint Paul’s Epistle to the Romans) was added during the second stage of work. The shift from intimate to didactic presentation is typical of Jordaens’s late work. More
Jacob Jordaens (19
May 1593 – 18 October 1678) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and tapestry designer known for his
history paintings, genre scenes and portraits. After Peter Paul Rubens and
Anthony van Dyck, he was the leading Flemish Baroque painter of his day. Unlike
those contemporaries he never travelled abroad to study Italian painting, and
his career is marked by an indifference to their intellectual and courtly
aspirations. In fact, except for a few short trips to locations in the Low
Countries, he remained in Antwerp his entire life. As well as being a
successful painter, he was a prominent designer of tapestries. Like Rubens,
Jordaens painted altarpieces, mythological, and allegorical scenes, and after
1640—the year Rubens died—he was the most important painter in Antwerp for
large-scale commissions and the status of his patrons increased in general.
However, he is best known today for his numerous large genre scenes based on
proverbs in the manner of his contemporary Jan Brueghel the Elder, depicting
The King Drinks and As the Old Sing, So Pipe the Young. Jordaens' main artistic
influences, besides Rubens and the Brueghel family, were northern Italian
painters such as Jacopo Bassano, Paolo Veronese, and Caravaggio. More
Circle of Adriaen van der Werff (Kralinger Ambach 1659-1722 Rotterdam)
The Holy Family with Saint Anne
oil on canvas
122 x 96cm (48 1/16 x 37 13/16in)
Private Collection
Adriaen van der Werff (21 January 1659 – 12 November 1722) was an accomplished Dutch painter of portraits and erotic, devotional and mythological scenes. His brother, Pieter van der Werff (1661–1722), was his principal pupil and assistant.
At the age of ten he started to take lessons, two years later moving in with Eglon van der Neer, specializing in clothes and draperie. At the age of seventeen he founded his own studio in Rotterdam where he later became the head of guild of Saint Luc. In 1696. 1703, he became the official court painter and a knight, when his former teacher and predecessor Van der Neer died. Van der Werff, with a perfect technique, was paid extremely well by the Elector for his biblical or classical (erotic) paintings. In 1705. In 1716, he lost his job when the Elector died because the treasury was empty.
Van der Werff became one of the most lauded Dutch painters of his day, gaining a European reputation and an enormous fortune. Arnold Houbraken, writing in 1718, considered him the greatest of the Dutch painters and this was the prevailing critical opinion throughout the 18th century: however, his reputation suffered in the 19th century, when he was alleged to have betrayed the Dutch naturalistic tradition. In the Victorian Age people could not appreciate his art, so most of his work went into the cellars of the Alte Pinakothek. More
François Guillaume Ménageot (French, London 1744–1816 Paris)
The Virgin Placing St. Teresa of Avila Under the Protection of St. Joseph, c. 1787
Oil paint over pen and brown ink, on paper, mounted on canvas
20 1/2 x 12 3/16 in. (52 x 31 cm)
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Saint Teresa of Ávila, also called
Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada (28 March
1515 – 4 October 1582), was a Spanish nun, mystic and writer during the
Counter-Reformation. Some sources suggest that as a girl, Theresa was willful
and spoiled, and chose to enter the Carmelite sisterhood instead of marrying a
wealthy hidalgo based on the mistaken belief that as a nun she would be
afforded more freedom.
Upon entering the convent aged 19, Theresa became seriously ill (she
has now become a patron saint for the infirm), possibly depressed and
subjecting her body to self-mutilation.
By the time she reached her forties, Theresa had settled down to her
new spiritual life, when one day, while praying and singing the hymn "Veni
Creator Spiritus," she experienced the first of the episodes that would
accompany her for the rest of her life: a rapture.
In her writings, Theresa describes how she would feel suddenly
consumed by the love of God, feel the bodily presence of Christ or of angels,
and be lifted to an exalted state of ecstasy. Although in her own lifetime
Theresa was sometimes ridiculed for such claims, or even accused of communing
with the devil, she became a prominent figure in the church. Theresa was one of
only three female church doctors and was finally canonized in 1622.
In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope
Gregory XV, and on 27 September 1970 was named a Doctor of the Church by Pope
Paul VI. Her books, which include her autobiography (The Life of Teresa of
Jesus) and her seminal work El Castillo Interior (The Interior Castle),
are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature as well as Christian
mysticism and Christian meditation practices.
A Santero image (Santo image) of the Immaculate
Conception of El Viejo, said to have been sent with one of her brothers to
Nicaragua by the saint, is now venerated as the country's national patroness at
the Shrine of El Viejo. More
Unknown
Santa Teresa de Jesus
Discalced Carmelites. Jaén
The Discalced Carmelites or Barefoot Carmelites is a Catholic mendicant order with roots in the eremitic tradition of the Desert Fathers and Mothers. (Discalced is derived from Latin, meaning "without shoes".) The order was established in 1593, pursuant to the reform of the Carmelite Order of the Ancient Observance by two Spanish saints, Saint Teresa of Ávila and Saint John of the Cross. More
François-Guillaume Ménageot (1744–1816) was a French painter of religious and French historical scenes. A pupil of François Boucher (1703–1770), he went on to win the Grand Prix de Rome and become a director of the French Academy in Rome, an academician and a member of the Institute.
Ménageot was born in London, the son of an art dealer. He trained under first Jean-Baptiste-Henri Deshays, then Joseph-Marie Vien, and finally François Boucher (1703–1770). His 1766 Tomyris Plunging the Head of Cyrus into a Bowl of Blood won the Prix de Rome and a stay at the French Academy in Rome from 1769 to 1774.
The Académie Royale in Paris approved François-Guillaume as a history painter in 1777, and he then exhibited The Farewells of Polyxena to Hecuba at the Salon, and it received a good reception, as did his entrance piece Learning Resisting the Passage of Time and his 1781 Death of Leonardo da Vinci in the Arms of Francis I.. He and other painters led French painting to return to the Grand Style, with more horizontal compositions, more sculptural drapery, colder colouring and set in ever more monumental architecture. He died in Paris. More
After Jacopo da Ponte, called Jacopo Bassano, 19th Century
The Departure for Canaan
Oil on canvas
38.2 x 52cm (15 1/16 x 20 1/2in)
Private Collection
Genesis 12:1. Now the LORD said to Abram, "Go forth from your country, And from your relatives And from your father's house, To the land which I will show you; And I will make you a great nation, And I will bless you, And make your name great; And so you shall be a blessing;…"
Jacopo da
Ponte, called Bassano (1510-1592) was born in Bassano del Grappa. His father, Francesco
da Ponte, was also a painter and influenced the style of the young Bassano.
Bassano lived and worked, at least temporarily, in Venice. Here he studied the
works of his fellow painters Bonifazio, Titian, Tintoretto and Veronese. He
painted a large number of Christian themes, but also animals and genre motifs
emerged in large numbers. His works were characterized especially by his lucid
colors. He ran a workshop where four of his sons, trained by himself,
participated. Bassano was one of the most influential Venetian painters of the
16th century. More
Govert Flinck (1615-1660)
Bathsheba with David's letter
116.8 x 88.6 cm
Oil on canvas
Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Bathsheba was the wife of Uriah, a general of King David's army. The king, upon seeing Bathsheba bathing, had her summoned, and led her into adultery. In this works, the artist focuses his representation of the episode on Bathsheba at her bath. She is portrayed deeply disturbed by the royal message. More
Govert Flinck, (born January 25, 1615, Kleve, Brandenburg [Germany]—died February 2, 1660, Amsterdam, Dutch Republic [now in the Netherlands]) Baroque painter of portraits, genre, and narrative subjects, one of Rembrandt’s most-accomplished followers.
Flinck first studied in Leeuwarden and later entered Rembrandt’s studio. As a painter of biblical and allegorical subjects, he at first modeled his style closely on Rembrandt’s. Later he developed a more florid and oratorical manner, in which he appears to have been influenced by Peter Paul Rubens. Flinck’s most successful works were portraits, and he was especially successful in his group portraits. More
Circle of Francisco Rizi de Guevara (Madrid 1614-1685 El Escorial)
The Adoration of the Magi
Oil on canvas
166.2 x 125.1cm (65 7/16 x 49 1/4in).
Private Collection
The Adoration of the Magi, see above
Francisco Rizi de Guevara ( Madrid , 1614- San Lorenzo
de El Escorial , 1685) was a Spanish Baroque painter, son of
Antonio Ricci, an Italian artist who came to Spain to work on the decoration of
the monastery of El Escorial under the orders of Federico Zuccaro , and brother
of painter Fray Juan Rizi .
de Guevara
was an apprentice of Vicente Carducho and highlights. This training is
manifested in some of his early works, but soon distanced himself from his
teacher due to his strong sense of dynamism and gestural expressiveness, and
opulent baroque style, that are characteristic features of the Madrid school of
painting, which he himself was one of the main representatives and teacher.
More
Lombard School, late 16th Century
The Assumption of the Virgin
Oil on canvas
150.6 x 207.6cm (59 5/16 x 81 3/4in).
Private Collection
The Assumption of Mary into Heaven, often shortened to the Assumption and also known as the Falling Asleep of the Blessed Virgin Mary, according to the beliefs of the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and parts of Anglicanism, was the bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into Heaven at the end of her earthly life. More
Lombard School was a school of art (architecture, stone carving, and painting) in Northern Italy. Lombard architecture developed from the eighth to tenth centuries. The establishment of Christianity as the Lombards’ official religion fostered the rise of an independent school of architecture that played a decisive role in the development of the Romanesque style in Italy. More
German School, 19th Century
Saint Catherine of Alexandria
Oil on panel
116.6 x 57.1cm (45 7/8 x 22 1/2in).
Private Collection
Saint Catherine of Alexandria is, according to tradition, a
Christian saint and virgin, who was martyred in the early 4th century at the
hands of the pagan emperor Maxentius. According to her hagiography, she was
both a princess and a noted scholar, who became a Christian around the age of
fourteen, and converted hundreds of people to Christianity. She was martyred
around the age of 18. Over 1,100 years following her martyrdom, St. Joan of Arc
identified Catherine as one of the Saints who appeared to her and counselled
her.
The Eastern Orthodox Church venerates her as a
Great Martyr, and celebrates her feast day on 24 or 25 November (depending on
the local tradition). In the Catholic Church she is traditionally revered as
one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. In 1969 the Catholic Church removed her feast
day from the General Roman Calendar;[4] however, she continued to be
commemorated in the Roman Martyrology on 25 November. More
German art has a long and distinguished tradition in the visual arts, from the earliest known work of figurative art to its current output of contemporary art.
Germany has only been united into a single state since the 19th century, and defining its borders has been a notoriously difficult and painful process. For earlier periods German art often effectively includes that produced in German-speaking regions including Austria, Alsace and much of Switzerland, as well as largely German-speaking cities or regions to the east of the modern German borders. More
Florentine School, 16th Century
The Madonna and Child
Oil on panel
65 x 49.6cm (25 9/16 x 19 1/2in).
Private Collection
Florentine painting or the Florentine School refers to artists in, from, or influenced by the naturalistic style developed in Florence in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of Western painting. Some of the best known artists of the Florentine school, including other arts, are Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello, Michelangelo, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Lippi, Masolino, and Masaccio. More
Circle of Luis de Morales, (Badajoz circa 1509-1586)
Saint Francis
Oil on panel
48.2 x 12.4cm (19 x 4 7/8in).
Private Collection
Saint Francis of Assisi (1181/1182 –
3 October 1226),[1][3] was an Italian Roman Catholic friar and preacher.
He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women’s Order of Saint Clare,
the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Francis is
one of the most venerated religious figures in history.
In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the
Sultan to put an end to the conflict of the Crusades. By this point, the
Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational
structure was no longer sufficient. He returned to Italy to organize the Order.
In 1224, he received the stigmata, during the apparition of Seraphic angels in
a religious ecstasy making him the first recorded person to bear the wounds of
Christ's Passion. More
Luis de Morales (1512 – 9 May 1586) was a Spanish
painter born in Badajoz, Extremadura. Known as "El Divino", most of
his work was of religious subjects, including many representations of the
Madonna and Child and the Passion.
Influenced,
especially in his early work, by Raphael Sanzio and the Lombard school (fr)
school of Leonardo, he was called by his contemporaries "The Divine
Morales", because of his skill and the shocking realism of his paintings,
and because of the spirituality transmitted by all his work.
His work has been divided by critics into two
periods, an early stage under the influence of Florentine artists such as
Michelangelo and a more intense, more anatomically correct later period similar
to German and Flemish Renaissance painters. More
German School, early 17th Century
The Lamentation of Christ, c. 1604
Oil on panel
42.2 x 43cm (16 5/8 x 16 15/16in).
Private Collection
The Lamentation of Christ is a very common subject in Christian art from the High Middle Ages to the Baroque. After Jesus was crucified, his body was removed from the cross and his friends mourned over his body. This event has been depicted by many different artists.
Lamentation works are very often included in cycles of the Life of Christ, and also form the subject of many individual works. One specific type of Lamentation depicts only Jesus' mother Mary cradling his body. These are known as Pietà (Italian for "pity") More
German School, see above
Flemish School, 16th Century
The Flight into Egypt
oil on copper
17 x 22.6cm (6 11/16 x 8 7/8in)
Private Collection
The flight into Egypt is a biblical event described in the
Gospel of Matthew in which Joseph fled to Egypt with Mary and infant son Jesus
after a visit by Magi because they learned that King Herod intended to kill the
infants of that area. The episode is frequently shown in art, as the final
episode of the Nativity of Jesus in art, and was a common component in cycles
of the Life of the Virgin as well as the Life of Christ.
When the
Magi came in search of Jesus, they go to Herod the Great in Jerusalem and ask
where to find the newborn "King of the Jews". Herod becomes paranoid
that the child will threaten his throne, and seeks to kill him. Herod initiates
the Massacre of the Innocents in hopes of killing the child. But an angel
appears to Joseph and warns him to take Jesus and his mother into Egypt.
Egypt was a logical place to find refuge, as it
was outside the dominions of King Herod, but both Egypt and Israel were part of
the Roman Empire, linked by a coastal road known as "the way of the
sea", making travel between them easy and relatively safe. More
Flemish School, see above
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