Salvador Dalí
The Immaculate Conception, 1979
Color lithograph
23 x 16 in
Private collection
The Immaculate Conception, according to the teaching of the
Catholic Church, was the conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the womb of
her mother, Saint Anne, free from original sin by virtue of the foreseen merits
of her son Jesus Christ. The Catholic Church teaches that Mary was conceived by
normal biological means, but God acted upon her soul (keeping her
"immaculate") at the time of her conception.
The Immaculate Conception is commonly and
mistakenly taken to mean the conception of Mary's son Jesus Christ in her own
womb, and the Virgin Birth of Jesus. These are covered by the Doctrine of
Incarnation, while the Immaculate Conception deals with the conception of Mary
herself, not that of her son. More
on The Immaculate Conception
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech,
Marqués de Dalí de Púbol (11 May 1904 – 23 January 1989), known
professionally as Salvador Dalí, was a prominent Spanish surrealist painter
born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain.
Dalí was a
skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his
surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of
Renaissance masters. His best-known work, The Persistence of Memory, was
completed in August 1931. Dalí's expansive artistic repertoire included film,
sculpture, and photography, in collaboration with a range of artists in a
variety of media.
Dalí
attributed his "love of everything that is gilded and excessive, my
passion for luxury and my love of oriental clothes" to an "Arab
lineage", claiming that his ancestors were descended from the Moors.
Dalí was highly imaginative, and also enjoyed indulging in
unusual and grandiose behavior. His eccentric manner and attention-grabbing
public actions sometimes drew more attention than his artwork, to the dismay of
those who held his work in high esteem, and to the irritation of his
critics. More Salvador
Dalí
Oscar Gustave Rejlander, (British, 1813-1875)
Young Woman in Prayer
Albumen silver print mounted to album page
7 5/8 x 5 3/4 in. (19.4 x 14.7 cm)
O.G. Rejlander, in full Oscar Gustav Rejlander, (born 1813, Sweden—died January 18, 1875, London, England), Swedish painter and photographer who is known as the “father of art photography.”
Rejlander received his general education in Sweden, and he studied painting and sculpture in Rome. After considerable travel he settled in England and from 1853 practiced photography there. Rejlander rejected contemporary conceptions of photography as a scientific or technical medium. In his efforts to elevate photography to the status of a fine art, he made photographs in imitation of painting. He looked to the example of the Old Masters for their use of composition and pose and often set up his own elaborate compositions in his studio. In many of his works he sought painterly effects by combining several negatives to make one print, with a resulting image that moved beyond the results achieved by straightforward photography. His most famous work, The Two Ways of Life (1857), was based on the background and arrangement of Raphael’s School of Athens (1509–11) and was created by combining more than 30 negatives. Shown in the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition of 1857, the photograph was purchased by Queen Victoria as a gift for Prince Albert. Rejlander was also well known for his ability to capture an emotion or sentiment in his work. A series of photographs of facial expressions and gestures made by Rejlander was used by Charles Darwin in his Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).
Although he had a period of critical acclaim, Rejlander died impoverished. His influence extended for decades, however, as photographers began to debate the merits of Pictorialism, or the effort to achieve painterly effects, versus the value of more sharply detailed work. More on Oscar Gustave Rejlander
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