33 Carvings & Sculpture from the Bible, European, With Footnotes 4

Attributed to Michel Erhart, (c. 1440 to 1445 – after 1522, Ulm) 
Virgin of Mercy,c. 1480
Limewood, original colours with some overpainting

Virgin of Mercy, reportedly from the high altar altarpiece of the Church of our Lady in Ravensburg, Upper Swabia, c. 1480.

The Virgin of Mercy is a subject in Christian Art, showing a group of people sheltering for protection under the outspread cloak, or pallium, of the Virgin Mary. It was especially popular in Italy from the 13th to 16th centuries, often as a specialised form of votive portrait, and is also found in other countries and later art, especially Catalonia and Latin America. In Italian it is known as the Madonna della Misericordia (Madonna of Mercy). More

Michel Erhart (c. 1440 to 1445 – after 1522, Ulm) was a German late Gothic sculptor who lived and worked in Ulm. He spent his journeyman years in various regions including Konstanz and the Netherlands before finally settling in Ulm around 1469, where works by him are extant from around 1469–1522. He worked in the workshop of Jörg Syrlin the Elder, as did his sons Gregor Erhart and Bernhard Erhart. After 1474 he apparently had his own workshop with numerous apprentices. More


A late Gothic sculpture of a holy bishop

Southern German, end of 15th cent. Limewood, hollowed out, former polychromy, partially renewed, the inkarnat probably original. A full-figure depiction of a standing holy bishop dressed in an Episcopal robe, with miter and crozier, in the left hand his attribute: a book. The facial features are finely and characteristically modelled, also the border of his cape shows traces of very well carved.  H. 99 cm.

19th C. European Painted Wood / Cloth Madonna

Europe, France or Italy, ca. 19th century CE. A pretty wooden statuette with cloth robes and brightly painted details. It depicts an older Madonna, holding a book, wearing a beautiful blue dress, white head covering, and gold wrap. One hand is raised, as if in greeting. Her eyes are blue glass and she stands on an octagonal green base. A nice example of some of the finely-produced religious art that would have been common in middle class 19th century European homes, blending Catholic worship of the Virgin Mary with the high quality level of craftsmanship for many consumer items from that time. Size: 2.5" W x 5" H (6.4 cm x 12.7 cm) 

17th C. Spanish Wood Depiction of Crucified Christ

Europe, Spain, ca. 17th century CE. Hand carved and painted depiction of a crucified Christ donning a plaited crown of thorns and a loin cloth that still shows some gilding and pigment, finely rendered with realistic emaciation, long majestic proportions, and a peaceful visage that emphasizes his humanity. Christ's tranquil countenance appears to serenely signify the injustice of the crucifixion, despite the blood flowing from his wounds and the wooden nail driven through his feet. A superb example of Baroque religious sculpture, masterfully carved with pigment remaining on the surface, mounted upon an attractive chocolate brown velvety fabric matt lined with an embroidered foliate border. Size: figure measures 11" H (27.9 cm); matt measures 7" W x 14.25" H (17.8 cm x 36.2 cm)

CRESCENT-MADONNA
France, c.1400
Ivory
H. 17.5 cm

Full-figure representation of Our Lady with wavy hair, dressed in a richly pleated garment. She stands in prayer with folded hands, standing on a crescent moon. 

The depiction of the Madonna on the crescent is based on the vision of John the Evangelist in chapter 12 of Revelation, the final book of the New Testament (here, the King James version):

1 And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:
2 And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.
3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.
5 And she brought forth a man child, who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron: and her child was caught up unto God, and to his throne. More

CHRIST IN THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMAN
German, Schwaben, c. 1500 / 1510
Basswood
H. 40 cm, W. 47 cm.

Christ with his disciples on the night before his crucifixion in the Garden of Gethsemane; before an architectural background. With apostles Peter, James and John. On the right is an angel, kneeling before Christ.

FIGURE OF A SAINT
France, Burgundy, c. 14th century
Wood,
H. 70.5 cm

SAINT Saturnius OF TOULOUSE
Spain or France, c. 16th to 17th century
Wood
H. 93 cm. 

According to legend, the Bishop of Toulouse, Saturnius, was dragged by a bull. As a sign of his martyrdom beside the figure, a bull-like figure can be seen.

GOTHIC GRAPE MADONNA WITH CHRIST CHILD, STANDING ON A CRESCENT
Rheinland, c. 1460/70
Oak
H. 115 cm 

The standing Madonna holds in her right arm the seated Christ Child. In her left hand she holds, as a symbol of blessing, and mothering, grapes. Iconographically this type of grape Madonna comes from a Roman clay sculpture from the 2nd century showing a grape-bearing fertility goddesses. In Christian iconography, there are many varieties of the 'Grape Madonna.' 'After the early Christian perception that Maria was deemed vine from Jesus Christ as divine, the grape emerged.' 

GOTHIC GRAPE MADONNA WITH CHRIST CHILD, STANDING ON A CRESCENT
Rheinland, c. 1460/70
Detail

The variety in such statues is as great as in other Madonna images; one finds Madonnas holding grapes (in reference to the Song of Songs 1:14, translated as "My lover is to me a cluster of henna blossoms" in the  New International Version (NIV), an English translation of the Protestant Bible.

Bavaria, early 20th century
Virgin with child, in the late Baroque style of the first half of the 18th century
Holding a bunch of grapes in the left hand, resting upon a globe adorned with two crests.
Sculpture in white majolica
Dimensions: Height: 82 cm/32.2 inches

Attributed to Fausto Melotti (1901-1986)
Egloga
Plaster bas-relief
45x28 cm.

SAINT ROCH
Spain, circa 1700
Wood, polychrome, gilded
H. 20 cm. 

Full-length depiction of Saint Roch in Pilgerkledung, pointing to a plague spot on his left leg.

Saint Roch or Rocco , c. 1348 – 15/16 August 1376/79, was a Catholic saint, a confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August; he is specially invoked against the plague. He is a patron saint of dogs and falsely accused people, among other things.

He was born at Montpellier, at that time "upon the border of France", the son of the noble governor of that city. Even his birth was accounted a miracle, for his noble mother had been barren until she prayed to the Virgin Mary. Miraculously marked from birth with a red cross on his breast that grew as he did, he early began to manifest strict asceticism and great devoutness.

HEAD OF SAN ROCCO
Executed head of Saint Roch
Spain, 17th century
Wood, polychrome, gilded
H. 25 cm. About a square base

On the death of his parents in his twentieth year he distributed all his worldly goods among the poor like Francis of Assisi—though his father on his deathbed had ordained him governor of Montpellier—and set out as a mendicant pilgrim for Rome. Coming into Italy during an epidemic of plague, he was very diligent in tending the sick in the public hospitals, and is said to have effected many miraculous cures by prayer and the sign of the cross and the touch of his hand. At Rome he preserved the "cardinal of Angleria in Lombardy" by making the mark of the cross on his forehead, which miraculously remained. Ministering at Piacenza he himself finally fell ill. He was expelled from the town; and withdrew into the forest, where he made himself a hut of boughs and leaves, which was miraculously supplied with water by a spring that arose in the place; he would have perished had not a dog belonging to a nobleman named Gothard Palastrelli supplied him with bread and licked his wounds, healing them. Count Gothard, following his hunting dog that carried the bread, discovered Saint Roch and became his acolyte.

Northern Italy, 17th century
Crucifix
Polychrome gilded wood
Height: 87 cm /34.2 inches

A sculpture with a powerful anatomical rendering and a strong expressivity in the face. To be attributed to a talented artist, probably originating from the Po Valley, with an education issued from the Renaissance active in the first half of the 17th century, the complex development of "panneggio" - a technique used to render the molding and folds of the drapes - of the large perizonium. 

A South German or Flemish ivory relief of Saint Roch and the beggar,
18th century
height 5 1/4 in., width 3 3/4 in.; 13.3cm. by 9.5cm.

On his return incognito to Montpellier he was arrested as a spy (by orders of his own uncle) and thrown into prison, where he languished five years and died on 16 August 1327, without revealing his name, to avoid worldly glory. More

EVANGELIST MARKU
German, circa 1700
Wood, carved in, polychrome and gilt
H. 46.5 cm. 

Full-length presentation of Mark the Evangelist with a book in his left hand, flanked by a winged lion and standing on a pedestal.

Mark the Evangelist  is the traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark. Mark is said to have founded the Church of Alexandria, one of the most important episcopal sees of Early Christianity. His symbol is the winged lion. 

He was one of the "Seventy Disciples" sent out by Jesus to saturate Judea with the gospel. However, when Jesus explained that his flesh was "real food" and his blood was "real drink", many disciples left him, presumably including Mark. He was later restored to faith by the apostle Peter; he then became Peter’s interpreter, wrote the Gospel of Mark, founded the church of Africa, and became the bishop of Alexandria. More

MADONNA WITH CHRIST CHILD
Italy, 18th century
Terracotta, brown shards, polychrome
H. 57.5 cm

Mother of God, and the blessing of the Christ Child, holding a globe on his left arm .

Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi, called Donatello (1386-1466)
Madonna and Child, circa 1450
Terracotta relief
Height 32½in; width 20½in; 81.2cm; 50.8cm
Formerly in the church of San Giovanni Battista in Lissaro di Mestrino, Padua

Modeled in half-length, the Child supported in her arms and on her right hip, His loose swaddling cloth partially covering His torso, the Virgin’s head inclined downward to the left; as He touches His cheek to hers, they gaze lovingly at one another, His left arm pulls at her neck and the right hand gently tugs on her bodice, the Madonna’s thin veil falls about her neck and shoulders revealing parts of her body beneath it, remainders of original polychromy and gilding. More

WEILHEIM SCHOOL 
2nd half of the 17th century 
Madonna in the Clouds. 
Ca. 1650. Softwood. Height: 90cm.

Statue, carved in the round, verso hollowed out, with original clasp-board. Christ child, angel head in the band of clouds and crown lost. Polychromy chipped and worn. 

SOUTH GERMAN, ca. 1680 
Christ on the Whipping Post. 
Softwood
Height: 29cm. 
Carved in the round. 
Original polychromy

SOUTH GERMAN MASTER 
2nd half of the 18th century 
The Patron as a Roman soldier
Putting out a Home FIre
Florian
Softwood, polychromed
Height: 58cm

Alto-Adige, beginning of the 18th century
Madonna with child
Sculpted wood, painted in polychrome and gold
Height: 100 cm/39.3 inches

Christ as the Risen 
Lower Bavaria, standing around 1470/80
 on a round base. In kinked tube folds around the body draped sheath. Linde (?), Full round carved. Hands, sheep, bar and radiation later. Polychrome version skipped best. 
H. 97 cm.

Saint Stephen 
Southern German, circa 1490
In his left hand the book with the stones. The Deacon clothing falling into tube wrinkles. Linde, hollowed back, rest. (right hand and part of the base erg.); Version removed
H. 120 cm.

Pietà 
German, early 16th century 
Maria on terrain base sitting, the body of her son on the left knee
Edged pleats draped clothing. Linde, back hollowed, reworked surfaces partially. 
Polychrome version
H. 55 cm.

Christ as Man of Sorrows 
Southern German, 2nd half 17th century
Hands raised in a curved posture standing on ground base, with wounds
Retrospective view for a model of the early 16th century
Raised stars and cloud band.
Under the plinth old inscription "Nürnberg 1667".
H. 56 cm

The Sorrowful Christ 
. Southern German, 18th century
Sitting on Terrain base, his head in his right hand resting
Polychrome
 H. 47 cm.

A pair of angels 
Austria, early 18th century
Facing in pondering posture with hands raised, standing. Draped clothing
Polychrome
H. 74 cm.

Church Father 
Southern German, early 18th century
Half figure on cloud bank, Hands on his staff 
Angular-scale folds, falling cloak
Polychrome
 87 cm.

Magdalena 
Lower Bavaria, mid-18th century, Josef German. (1717 Imst - 1787 Passau)
Standing on a rectangular base
 , Fitted draped clothing around the waist belted, falling in parallel tube folds
Old polychrome
H. 91 cm.

Corpus Christi 
Oberbayern to 1760/70 Four nail type
Skyward directed view, slightly S-shaped elongated sinewy Corpus
Polychrome paint
H. 101 cm.

 Bronze plaquette in Gothic style
Gilded, with two fields, with silvered figures of Saint Paul and Saint Matthew
Bronze chain
Austrian 19th Century

 Bronze plaquette in Gothic style
Gilded, with two fields, with silvered figures of Saint Paul and Saint Matthew
Detail






Acknowledgement: Van Ham Fine ArtHargesheimer Kunstauktionen Düsseldorf, Artemis Gallery, Private LotNeumeister


Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others

10 Paintings; scenes from the Bible, by The Old Masters, with footnotes 27

Lucien ou K.Lucjan Przepiorski, VILNA 1830 - 1898 PARIS, éCOLE RUSSE
VIERGE DU LOUVRE DU XIVE SIÈCLE, c. 1886 
91,5 x 73 cm ; 36 by 28 3/4 in
 Private property

Nazarene School
Christ with Apostles
Oil on paper, mounted on canvas
24.2 x 28.2 c
 Private property

Figurative scenery around Christ and three apostles in the foreground and with view to a castle and mountain landscape in the background, painted by a representative of the Nazarene movement, who focused in the 19th century on the renewal of art.

The name Nazarene was adopted by a group of early 19th century German Romantic painters who aimed to revive honesty and spirituality in Christian art. The name Nazarene came from a term of derision used against them for their affectation of a biblical manner of clothing and hair style. More

Joseph von Führich (1800–1876)
Jacob Encountering Rachel with her Father's Herds, c. 1836
Oil on canvas
66 cm (26 in). Width: 92 cm (36.2 in).
Austrian Gallery Belvedere

Rachel is first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 29 when Jacob happens upon her as she is about to water her father's flock. She was the second daughter of Laban. Jacob had traveled a great distance to find Laban. His mother Rebekah had sent him there to be safe from his furious twin brother, Esau.

During Jacob's stay, he fell in love with Rachel and agreed to work seven years for Laban in return for her hand in marriage. On the night of the wedding, the bride was veiled and Jacob did not notice that Leah, Rachel's older sister, had been substituted for Rachel. Whereas "Rachel was lovely in form and beautiful," "Leah had tender eyes". Later Jacob confronted Laban, who excused his own deception by insisting that the older sister should marry first. He assured Jacob that after his wedding week was finished, he could take Rachel as a wife as well, and work another seven years as payment for her. When God “saw that Leah was unloved, he opened her womb”, and she gave birth to four sons.

Rachel was unable to conceive, and became jealous of Leah. She gave Jacob her maidservant, Bilhah, to be a surrogate mother for her. Bilhah gave birth to two sons that Rachel named and raised. Leah responds by offering her handmaid Zilpah to Jacob, and names and raises the two sons that Zilpah bears. After Leah conceived again, Rachel was finally blessed with a son, Joseph. More

Joseph von Führich [or Josef Ritter von Führich] (February 9, 1800 – March 13, 1876) was an Austrian painter, one of the Nazarenes. He was born in Bohemia. Deeply impressed as a boy by rustic pictures adorning the wayside chapels of his native country, his first attempt at composition was a sketch of the Nativity for the festival of Christmas in his father's house. He lived to see the day when, becoming celebrated as a composer of scriptural episodes, his sacred subjects were transferred in numberless repetitions to the roadside churches of the Austrian state, where peasants thus learnt to admire modern art reviving the models of earlier ages.

Essentially creative as a landscape draughtsman, he had no feeling for colour; and when he produced monumental pictures he was not nearly so successful as when designing subjects for woodcuts. Führich's fame extended far beyond the Austrian capital. In 1831 he finished the "Triumph of Christ", later in the Raczynski palace at Berlin. In 1834 he was made custos and in 1841 professor of composition in the Academy of Vienna. More

Giovanni Battista Salvi, called Il Sassoferrato (1609-1685) 
Virgin in Prayer
Oil on Canvas
63.5 x 50.5 cm
 Private property

Giovanni Battista Salvi, called Il Sassoferrato (1609-1685). Giovanni Battista Salvi was born in Sassoferrato and went to Rome at an early age to study the paintings of Raphael. Later he sojourned in Naples to study the works of Annibale Carracci and his circle, especially Guido Reni. For most of his life he worked in Rome. His favorite subjects were Madonnas which he often depicted praying and along with the sleeping child. Paintings by Sassoferrato are in many churches and galleries in Italy. More

after Bernardino Luini,  (c. 1480/85-1532) 
Saint Catherine
Oil on canvas, laid on cradled panel
74 x 76.8 cm
 Private property

The painting presents Saint Catherine reading a book, accompanied by two putti, who point towards her martyr's death. The model for the present work, Bernardino Luini´s Saint Catherine (1527/31), is in the collection of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

Bernardino Luini (c. 1480/82 – June 1532) was a North Italian painter from Leonardo's circle. Both Luini and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio were said to have worked with Leonardo directly; he was described to have taken "as much from Leonardo as his native roots enabled him to comprehend".[1] Consequently, many of his works were attributed to Leonardo. He was known especially for his graceful female figures with elongated eyes, called Luinesque by Vladimir Nabokov. More

Copy after a painting by Jacopo da Ponte, called Bassano (1510-1592)
Arrest of Christ
Oil on canvas
58 x 43 cm
 Private property

Shown is the moment in which the minions will arrest Christ, who was betrayed by the kiss of Judas. Below him, lying on the ground, Malchust, the servant of the high priest is depicted. To the right in the picture we can see Saint Peter, who cut Malchus’ right ear with the sword. The scene highlights the gentleness of Jesus, who healed the ear of his enemy shortly before his arrest. The blazing torches illuminate this nocturnal scene.

Jacopo da Ponte, called Bassano (1510-1592) was born in Bassano del Grappa. His father, Francesco da Ponte, was also a painter and influenced the style of the young Bassano. Bassano lived and worked, at least temporarily, in Venice. Here he studied the works of his fellow painters Bonifazio, Titian, Tintoretto and Veronese. He painted a large number of Christian themes, but also animals and genre motifs emerged in large numbers. His works were characterized especially by his lucid colors. He ran a workshop where four of his sons, trained by himself, participated. Bassano was one of the most influential Venetian painters of the 16th century. More

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
Madonna with the Yarnwinder, circa 1501
The Buccleuch Madonna
Oil on panel
Height: 48.3 cm (19 in). Width: 36.9 cm (14.5 in).
Private collection

The Madonna of the Yarnwinder is a subject depicted by Leonardo da Vinci in at least one, and perhaps two paintings begun in 1499 or later. Leonardo was recorded as being at work on one such picture in Florence in 1501 for Florimond Robertet, a secretary to King Louis XII of France. This may have been delivered to the French court in 1507, though scholars are divided on this point. The subject is known today from several versions (see below) of which two, called the Buccleuch Madonna and the Lansdowne Madonna, are thought to be partly by Leonardo’s hand. The underdrawings of both paintings show similar experimental changes made to the composition (or pentimenti), suggesting that both evolved concurrently in Leonardo’s workshop.

The composition shows the Virgin Mary seated in a landscape with the Christ child, who gazes at a yarnwinder used to collect spun yarn. The yarnwinder serves both as a symbol of Mary's domesticity and as a foreshadowing of the Cross on which Christ was crucified. The painting's dynamic composition and implied narrative was highly influential on later High Renaissance depictions of the Madonna and Child by artists such as Raphael and Andrea del Sarto. More

School Leonardo da Vinci
Madonna of the Yarnwinder, circa 1501
The Lansdowne Madonna
Oil on wood
Height: 48.3 cm (19 in). Width: 36.9 cm (14.5 in).
Private collection

Top Row: From left: Louvre, Paris; Museo Soumaya, Mexico City; Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford.
Bottom Row: From left: Private collection, Madrid; Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh; private collection (formerly Chicago)

Lonardo da Vinci, (born April 15, 1452, Anchiano, near Vinci, Republic of Florence died May 2, 1519, Cloux, France) was an Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time.

The unique fame that Leonardo enjoyed in his lifetime and that, filtered by historical criticism, has remained undimmed to the present day rests largely on his unlimited desire for knowledge, which guided all his thinking and behaviour. An artist by disposition and endowment, he considered his eyes to be his main avenue to knowledge; to Leonardo, sight was man’s highest sense because it alone conveyed the facts of experience immediately, correctly, and with certainty. Hence, every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge, and saper vedere (“knowing how to see”) became the great theme of his studies. He applied his creativity to every realm in which graphic representation is used. But he went even beyond that. He used his superb intellect, unusual powers of observation, and mastery of the art of drawing to study nature itself, a line of inquiry that allowed his dual pursuits of art and science to flourish. More

Jean-Baptiste Jouvenet and workshop, ROUEN 1644 - 1717 PARIS
THE TESTIMONY FROM THE CROSS
Oil on canvas 
193 x 130.5 cm; 76 3/4 by 51 3/8
Private Collection

In the foreground lies the Christ, that Joseph of Arimathea and Saint John are preparing to remove. Behind them stands the Virgin looking at heaven with a look of pain, while at her feet, Madeleine mourns the loss of Christ. The attention of the viewer is irresistibly attracted by the body of Christ, the bright and clear complexion that form an arc in the foreground. The composition, pyramidal, classic appearance, is made more remarkable by the Virgin's gesture of despair that seems to keep the Joseph right arm holding the shroud of Christ. This helps to reinforce the dramatic dimension of the scene. The attention to detail is noticeable here in the foreground, in the shiny copper basin, in which floats water, red with blood, and the sponge that was used to wash the body of Christ. More

Jean-Baptiste Jouvenet (1 May 1644 – 5 April 1717) was a French painter, especially of religious subjects. He was born into an artistic family in Rouen. His first training in art was from his father, Laurent Jouvenet.

Jouvenet early showed remarkable aptitude for his profession, and, on arriving in Paris, attracted the attention of Le Brun, by whom he was employed at Versailles, notably in the Salon de Mars (1671–74), and under whose auspices, in 1675, he became a member of the Académie royale, of which he was elected professor in 1681, and one of the four perpetual rectors in 1707. He also worked under Charles de La Fosse in the Invalides and Trianon.

The great mass of works that he executed, chiefly in Paris, many of which, including his celebrated Miraculous Draught of Fishes are now in the Louvre, show his fertility in invention and execution, and also that he possessed in a high degree that general dignity of arrangement and style which distinguished the school of Le Brun. His compositions are primarily planned as high reliefs, and the movements are in sharp diagonal straight lines rather than in curves.

Jouvenet died on 5 April 1717, having been forced by paralysis during the last four years of his life to work with his left hand. More




Acknowledgement: Sotheby'sAuctionata AG

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others