08 Works, Interpretation of the bible, The Martyrdom of Saint Afra, with Footnotes - #192

In the late 3rd century, Afra's pagan family journeyed from Cyprus to Augsburg. She was dedicated to the service of the goddess Venus, by her mother, Hilaria.

Afra was originally a prostitute in Augsburg, and is reputed either to have run a brothel in that town or worked as a hierodule in the Temple of Venus. 

As the persecution of Christians during the reign of Roman Emperor Diocletian began, Bishop Narcissus of Girona (in Spain) sought refuge in Augsburg and lodged with Afra and her mother, Hilaria. Through his teachings, Bishop Narcissus converted Afra and her family to Christianity.

After Jacopo Bassano (Jacopo Da Ponte)

The Baptism of Saint Afra

Oil on Canvas

I have no further description, at this time

Jacopo dal Ponte, called Bassano (ca. 1510–1592) is easily the least known of the great painters of sixteenth-century Venice—a galaxy that includes Giorgione and Titian, Tintoretto and Veronese, and Lorenzo Lotto. Why this should be so is not altogether clear, for he was an artist of remarkable originality and in his lifetime enjoyed a European reputation. However, the fact that he chose to remain in his native Bassano del Grappa, northwest of Venice, and there established a family practice that included his sons Francesco (1549–1592), Leandro (1557–1622), and Gerolamo (1566–1621), and that many of the altarpieces he supplied were to churches in the Venetian terra firma, certainly helps explain why Vasari—the famous biographer of Renaissance artists—slighted him the way he did. Bassano is only mentioned in passing, with the remark that many of his works are “very beautiful” and can be found “dispersed throughout Venice, and they are held in high esteem—especially the little works with animals of all kinds.” In other words, what struck Vasari, with his Florentine bias, was a particular kind of painting that became a specialty of the Bassano workshop in which biblical themes are treated with a genre-like emphasis on domestic settings and animals. More on Jacopo Bassano

She continued to hide the bishop from the authorities. When it was learned that Afra was a Christian, she was brought before Diocletian and ordered to give glory to the pagan idols. She refused, and was condemned to death by fire on a small island in the Lech River,

After Paolo Caliari, il Veronese

The Martyrdom of Saint Afra

Oil on canvas

88¼ x 64¼ in. (224.2 x 163.8 cm.)

Private collection

Sold for GBP 2,938 in Apr 2002

Paolo Caliari (1528 – 19 April 1588), known as Paolo Veronese was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology. Included with Titian, a generation older, and Tintoretto, a decade senior, Veronese is one of the "great trio that dominated Venetian painting of the cinquecento" and the Late Renaissance in the 16th century. Known as a supreme colorist, and after an early period with Mannerism, Paolo Veronese developed a naturalist style of painting, influenced by Titian.

His most famous works are elaborate narrative cycles, executed in a dramatic and colorful style, full of majestic architectural settings and glittering pageantry. His large paintings of biblical feasts, crowded with figures, painted for the refectories of monasteries in Venice and Verona are especially famous, and he was also the leading Venetian painter of ceilings. Most of these works remain in situ, or at least in Venice, and his representation in most museums is mainly composed of smaller works such as portraits that do not always show him at his best or most typical.

He has always been appreciated for "the chromatic brilliance of his palette, the splendor and sensibility of his brushwork, the aristocratic elegance of his figures, and the magnificence of his spectacle", but his work has been felt "not to permit expression of the profound, the human, or the sublime", and of the "great trio" he has often been the least appreciated by modern criticism. Nonetheless, "many of the greatest artists ... may be counted among his admirers, including Rubens, Watteau, Tiepolo, Delacroix, and Renoir" More on Paolo Caliari

Master of Messkirch  (fl. 1520–1540)

Saint Afra, c. 1535-1540

Oil on canvas

height: 53 cm (20.8 in); width: 33 cm (12.9 in)

 Würth Collection

The Master of Messkirch (German: active c. 1515 - 1540) was an anonymous German Renaissance painter.

The so-called Master of Messkirch is named after the eleven altarpieces he painted for the St. Martin church in Messkirch between 1536 and 1540. His birthplace and apprenticeship are unknown, but he may have studied under an artist from the circle of Albrecht Dürer. From the 1530s onwards his works seem to display familiarity with contemporary northern Italian painting. Hans Baldung Grien was also influential to his work. 

Throughout the master's career his figures had Manneristic proportions. While early on his colors were bright and iridescent, his coloration became calmer and more muted in his last years. More on The Master of Messkirch

Her remains were buried at a distance from the place of her martyrdom. Her mother and her maids (viz., Ligna, Eunonia, and Eutropia) later suffered the same fate, for interring her in a burial vault.

Unknown artist

Saint Afra

I have no further description of this artwork at this time

Friedrichshafen, parish church of St. Petrus Canisius, altarpiece from the Löwental monastery

Afra

I have no further description, at this time

Meister F S W (fl. 1516–1553)

The three city saints of Augsburg: St. Simpert, St. Ulrich and St. Afra, c. 1516

Woodcut

45 × 34,5 cm

Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum

Tomb of Saint Afra in Augsburg

The abbey of Saint Ulrich and Saint Afra

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More at: Wikipedia, Wikigallery, Paolo Veronese, Today with the Saints, 

12 works, The Assyrian Goddess Astarte

Astarte is the Greek name of the Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian Semitic goddess Ishtar. Her symbols were the lion, the horse, the sphinx, the dove, and a star within a circle indicating the planet Venus. Pictorial representations often show her naked. She has also been known as the deified evening star.

I have no further description, at this time

She was worshiped in the Phoenician city states of Sidon, Tyre, and Byblos; as well as Syria and Canaan, beginning in the first millennium BC. She came from the same Semitic origins as the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar. Her worship spread to Cyprus. Greeks in classical, Hellenistic, and Roman times occasionally equated Aphrodite with Astarte, in keeping with their frequent practice of synchronizing other deities with their own. Other faith centers were Cythera, Malta, and Eryx, in Sicily, from which she became known to the Romans as Venus.

I have no further description, at this time

Astarte arrived in Ancient Egypt during the 18th dynasty. She appeared as daughter of Ra, and was given in marriage to the god Set.

She was usually depicted full faced and naked, except for some ornamental jewelry. Astarte also appeared holding her breasts in her hands. Her thighs were rounded, which was considered to be extremely feminine in that particular culture, while her legs, from her knees down through her ankles to her feet, were pressed closely together.

Ishtar

I have no further description, at this time

Easter, the celebration of Jesus's resurrection, is the most sacred day of the Christian year. In ancient Babylon, around the spring solstice, people celebrated the resurrection of their god Tammuz, who was brought back from the underworld by his mother/wife Ishtar (pronounced “Easter” in most Semitic dialects). Flowers, painted eggs, and rabbits were the symbols of the holiday then, as now.

Edward Henry Corbould (British, 1815–1905)

ASTARTE , c. 1887

Watercolor

75 x 37.5 cm. (29.5 x 14.8 in.)

Private collection

Inanna, another aspect of Ishtar, was a Goddess of Sensual and Sexual Love, and her followers practiced what has been referred to as “sacred prostitution.” Ishtar was also known as the Lady of Battles, and it was in this particular aspect that she sported a full beard, which fell all the way to her breasts. She rode in a chariot which was similar to Astarte’s and like Astate's, it was drawn by seven lions. Ishtar's symbols were the Moon, Venus, the eight-pointed star, a lion and a scorpion.

Edward Henry Corbould, R.I. (5 December 1815, in London – 18 January 1905, in London) was a British artist, noted as a historical painter and watercolourist.

Born in London, he was son of Henry Corbould and grandson of Richard Corbould, both painters. He was a pupil of Henry Sass, and a student at the Royal Academy. In 1842 his watercolour of The Woman taken in Adultery was purchased by Albert, Prince Consort, and nine years later he was appointed instructor of historical painting to the Royal Family. He continued for twenty-one years teaching its members.

Corbould died at Kensington on 18 January 1905. He has a memorial tablet in St Mary Abbots church in Kensington, London. His grandson was the noted designer Leonard Wyburd. More on Edward Henry Corbould

Charles Allen Winter (1869-1942)

 Nude With Purple Iris, c. Date: 1919

Oil On Stretched Canvas

10 1/2" x 12 1/2"

Private collection

Charles Allan Winter was a versatile and accomplished artist and, along with his wife Alice Beach Winter, a central figure in the art world on Cape Ann for many years.

Born in Cincinnati, Charles Allan Winter enrolled in the Cincinnati Art Academy at a young age. In 1894, Winter was awarded a scholarship to study at the Académie Julian in Paris and in Rome. Returning to this country, he taught portraiture at the St. Louis School of Fine Art from 1898 to 1901.

In 1901, the Winters settled in New York where he worked as a portrait painter and as a magazine illustrator. During this time, like many painters, Winter began experimenting with various color theories and technical approaches to painting using geometric principals to strengthen his compositions. It was around 1910 that the Winters made their first summer visit to Gloucester and Cape Ann. 

Charles Allan Winter was employed during the 1930s as a mural painter under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration. Examples of his murals are preserved within Gloucester’s City Hall. More on Charles Allan Winter 

Gustave Moreau

Salome Dancing before Herod, c. 1876

Dance of the 7 Veils

Oil on canvas

height: 143.5 cm (56.4 in); width: 104.3 cm (41 in)

Hammer Museum

Gustave Moreau

Detail; Salome Dancing before Herod, c. 1876

Dance of the 7 Veils

Oil on canvas

height: 143.5 cm (56.4 in); width: 104.3 cm (41 in)

Hammer Museum

Salome: Dance of the 7 Veils is also thought to have originated with the myth of the fertility goddess Ishtar (Astarte) of Assyrian and Babylonian religion.

Gustave Moreau, (born April 6, 1826, Paris, France—died April 18, 1898, Paris), French Symbolist painter known for his erotic paintings of mythological and religious subjects.

The only influence that really affected Moreau’s development was that of his master, Théodore Chassériau (1819–56), an eclectic painter whose depictions of enigmatic sea goddesses deeply impressed his student. In the Salon of 1853 he exhibited Scene from the Song of Songs and the Death of Darius, both conspicuously under the influence of Chassériau.

Moreau’s Dance of Salome (c. 1876) shows his work becoming increasingly concerned with exotic eroticism and violence, and his richly crowded canvases made greater use of dramatic lighting to heighten his brilliant, jewel-like colours. His last work, Jupiter and Sémélé (1896), is the culmination of such tendencies. Moreau’s art has often been described as decadent. He made a number of technical experiments, including scraping his canvases; and his nonfigurative paintings, done in a loose manner with thick impasto, have led him to be called a herald of Abstract Expressionism.

Moreau succeeded Elie Delaunay as professor at the École des Beaux-Arts, and his teaching was highly popular. He was a very influential teacher of some of the artists of the Fauve movement, including Matisse and Rouault. At his death, Moreau left to the state his house and about 8,000 works, which now form the Musée Gustave Moreau in Paris. More on Gustave Moreau

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Astarte Syriaca, c. 1877

Oil on canvas

Manchester Art Gallery

Painted in 1877, Astarte Syriaca is a sensual and elaborate Pre-Raphaelite portrait of the goddess Venus. It belongs to the latter part of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s career. The model was Jane Morris, wife of William Morris. More on this painting

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882) was an English poet, illustrator, painter and translator. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848 with William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais. Rossetti was later to be the main inspiration for a second generation of artists and writers influenced by the movement. His work also influenced the European Symbolists and was a major precursor of the Aesthetic movement.

 

Rossetti's personal life was closely linked to his work, especially his relationships with his models and muses Elizabeth Siddal, Fanny Cornforth and Jane Morris. More on Dante Gabriel Rossetti

I have no further description, at this time

I AM BABYLON. I AM INNIN I AM INANNA I AM NANAEA I AM ISHTAR I AM ASTARTE. I AM the purest heart. The holiest place in existence is my sacred womb. Only love can reside there. Death is left below me; it is not permitted within me. For although I welcome and guide the dead I AM Mother of ALL life. I AM the cleanser. I AM the purifier. No unclean thoughts can pass through the gates to my temple, No loveless lust can enter into my presence

Jacques Reich

Eástre

Guerber, H. A. (1909) Myths of the Norsemen George G. Harrap and Co. Ltd

In the bible, Ishtar is called Ashtoreth, the supreme goddess of Caanan and the female counterpart of the gods called Baal or Bel. "The immoral rites with which the worship of Ishtar in Babylonia was accompanied were transferred to Canaan and formed part of the idolatrous practices which the Israelites were called upon to extirpate," says BibleStudyTools.com. Among those pagan, idolatrous practices was the burning of incense, thought to be cannabis (caneh bosm,meaning sweet or good cane, mistranslated as "calamus" in the bible).

Jacques Reich first studied art in Budapest. In 1873 he came to the U.S. and continued his studies at the National Academy of Design in New York and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia. In 1879 he went to Paris to study for a year under the noted painters William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Joseph Nicolas Robert-Fleury.

In 1880 Reich returned to Philadelphia, and in 1885 moved to New York and established a studio there. For some years he devoted himself to portraits for Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, numbering over 2,000, and most of the portraits for Scribner’s Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings. In addition he made many pen and ink illustrations for magazines and text books. More on Jacques Reich

Please visit my other blogs: Art Collector, Mythology, Marine Art, Portrait of a Lady, The Orientalist, Art of the Nude and The Canals of Venice, Middle East Artists, 365 Saints and 365 Days, also visit my Boards on Pinterest

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

I do not sell art, art prints, framed posters or reproductions. Ads are shown only to compensate the hosting expenses.

If you enjoyed this post, please share with friends and family.

Thank you for visiting my blog and also for liking its posts and pages.

Please note that the content of this post primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.

Please visit my other blogs: Art Collector, Mythology, Marine Art, Portrait of a Lady, The Orientalist, Art of the Nude and The Canals of Venice, Middle East Artists, 365 Saints and 365 Days, also visit my Boards on Pinterest

Images are copyright of their respective owners, assignees or others. Some Images may be subject to copyright

I don't own any of these images - credit is always given when due unless it is unknown to me. if I post your images without your permission, please tell me.

I do not sell art, art prints, framed posters or reproductions. Ads are shown only to compensate the hosting expenses.

If you enjoyed this post, please share with friends and family.

Thank you for visiting my blog and also for liking its posts and pages.

Please note that the content of this post primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.